Long-term borrowings are summarized as follows (in thousands):

Kinergy Line of Credit – Kinergy has an operating line of credit for an aggregate amount of up to $30,000,000. The line of credit matures on December 31, 2016. The credit facility is based on Kinergy’s eligible accounts receivable and inventory levels, subject to certain concentration reserves. The credit facility is subject to certain other sublimits, including inventory loan limits. Interest accrues under the line of credit at a rate equal to (i) the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), plus (ii) a specified applicable margin ranging between 2.00% and 3.00%. The applicable margin was 2.00% at December 31, 2014. The credit facility’s monthly unused line fee is 0.50% of the amount by which the maximum credit under the facility exceeds the average daily principal balance. Payments that may be made by Kinergy to the Company as reimbursement for management and other services provided by the Company to Kinergy are limited under the terms of the credit facility to $1,100,000 per fiscal quarter in 2015.

The credit facility also includes the accounts receivable of PAP as additional collateral. Payments that may be made by PAP to Pacific Ethanol as reimbursement for management and other services provided by Pacific Ethanol to PAP are limited under the terms of the credit facility to the extent that quarterly payments would result in PAP recording less than $100,000 of net income in the quarter.

For the calendar month ended September 30, 2013 and each calendar month thereafter, Kinergy and PAP were collectively required to generate aggregate EBITDA of $450,000 for the three months then ended and aggregate EBITDA of $1,100,000 for the six months then ended. These amounts were required through December 31, 2013. In 2014, the required EBITDA amounts increased to $500,000 for each rolling three month period and $1,300,000 for each rolling six month period. Further, for all monthly periods, Kinergy and PAP must collectively maintain a fixed-charge coverage ratio (calculated as a twelve-month rolling EBITDA divided by the sum of interest expense, capital expenditures, principal payments of indebtedness, indebtedness from capital leases and taxes paid during such twelve-month rolling period) of at least 2.0 and are prohibited from incurring any additional indebtedness (other than specific intercompany indebtedness) or making any capital expenditures in excess of $100,000 absent the lender’s prior consent. In December 2014, the terms of the above covenants were changed such that if the Company’s monthly average unused availability is in excess of $10,000,000 and Kinergy maintains at least $6,000,000 in excess availability during the quarter, that month’s EBITDA and fixed-charge coverage ratio covenants are not required to be met. The Company believes it is in compliance with these covenants.

Kinergy and PAP’s obligations under the credit facility are secured by a first-priority security interest in all of their assets in favor of the lender. Pacific Ethanol has guaranteed all of Kinergy’s obligations under the line of credit. As of December 31, 2014, Kinergy had an available borrowing base under the credit facility of $30,000,000 and an outstanding balance of $17,530,000.

Plant Owners’ Term Debt and Operating Lines of Credit – The Plant Owners’ debt as of December 31, 2014 consisted of a $32,487,000 tranche A-1 term loan, a $26,279,000 tranche A-2 term loan and a $35,378,000 revolving credit facility, which was subsequently reduced to $19,473,000, all of which have a maturity date of June 30, 2016. Pacific Ethanol holds a combined $41,763,000 of these term loans, which are eliminated in consolidation. As of December 31, 2014, the combined outstanding balance of these loans was $17,003,000 on a consolidated basis (net of Pacific Ethanol purchases).

The term and revolving debt require monthly interest payments at a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR or the Prime Rate of interest, at the Plant Owners’ election, plus 10.0%. At December 31, 2014, the interest rate was approximately 13.25%. Repayments of principal are based on available free cash flow of the Plant Owners, until maturity, when all principal amounts are due.

Monthly interest payments due to certain lenders on both the term and revolving debt was deferred and added to the principal amount of the loans. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the extended principal balances above included $0 and $7,487,000 of accrued interest that was deferred by the Plant Owners, respectively.

As of December 31, 2014, the unused availability under this line of credit was $19,473,000.

Acquisitions of Plant Debt – On January 11, 2013, the Company used $21,500,000 of the proceeds of the January 2013 Financing Transaction to purchase from certain lenders an aggregate amount of $21,500,000 of the Plant Owners’ tranche A-2 term loans. The Company determined that the acquisition of the plant debt was a modification of terms because the lenders who held the acquired plant debt were the lenders under the January 2013 Notes. Based on the Company’s review of the present value of cash flows of the January 2013 Notes compared to the older plant debt, which resulted in a less than 10% change, the modification was not significant and the Company did not record a gain or loss associated with the modification. The Company expensed certain legal costs associated with the debt modification of approximately $408,000, rather than amortizing those expenses over the life of the debt. Because the plant debt acquired is now held by Pacific Ethanol, this specific debt is eliminated in consolidation.

On March 28, 2013, the Company used proceeds from the issuance of its Series A Notes and warrants to purchase $3,500,000 of revolving credit facility debt, at par, from a lender. Under the terms of the amended credit facility, the Company was obligated to immediately forgive the purchased amount of revolving credit facility debt and has permanently reduced the maximum commitment on this facility to $36,500,000.

On March 28, 2013, the Company also used proceeds from the issuance of its Series A Notes and warrants to purchase $2,636,000 of tranche A-2 term loans and an additional 3% ownership interest in PE Op Co. for a combined purchase price of $2,150,000. The Company first allocated $331,000 of this payment to the PE Op Co. ownership interest and the remainder was allocated to the tranche A-2 term loans. The $817,000 difference between the amount the Company allocated to the term loans and the face amount of $2,636,000 was recorded as a gain on extinguishment of debt.

On June 21, 2013, the Company used proceeds from the issuance of its Series B Notes to purchase $1,122,000 of revolving credit facility debt at a discount. Under the terms of the amended credit facility, the Company was obligated to immediately forgive the purchased amount of revolving credit facility debt and has permanently reduced the maximum commitment on this facility to $35,378,000.

On June 21, 2013, the Company also used proceeds from the issuance of its Series B Notes to purchase $2,907,000 of tranche A-1 and A-2 term loans at a discount and an additional 2% ownership interest in PE Op Co. for $197,000. The Company recorded a gain on extinguishment of debt of $998,000 related to the discount it paid for the revolving and term loans.

On June 6, 2014, the Company purchased $14,675,000 of term debt for $17,038,000 in cash, reducing its consolidated plant term debt by $14,675,000, and recorded a $2,363,000 loss on extinguishment of debt for the amount paid in excess of the principal balance.

As of December 31, 2014, the Company held an aggregate of $41,763,000 of the tranche A-1 and tranche A-2 term loans, which has been eliminated upon consolidation.

Additional Plant Operating Line of Credit – The Plant Owners have an additional revolving credit facility for up to an additional $15,000,000, with a maturity date of June 25, 2015. The Plant Owners have the right at any time, and from time to time, but subject to limitations imposed by an intercreditor agreement, to prepay in whole or in part the revolving loans and tranche A-1 loans (and the tranche A-2 loans following the payment in full of the revolving loans and tranche A-1 loans). However, in the event of any prepayment of the tranche A-1 loans that have a maturity date of June 30, 2016, the Plant Owners must pay a premium equal to the present value of all interest payments that would have accrued from the date of such payment through June 30, 2016, calculated using a discount rate, applied quarterly, equal to the Treasury Rate as of such prepayment date plus 50 basis points. The credit agreement also provides for mandatory prepayments in connection with certain customary events, including any sale of material assets; however, certain mandatory prepayments are not subject to the prepayment premium. At December 31, 2014, the interest rate was approximately 8.75% and the Plant Owners had unused availability under the new revolving credit facility of $15,000,000.

All of the term loans and revolving credit facilities represent permanent financing and are secured by a perfected, first-priority security interest in substantially all of the assets, including inventories and all rights, title and interest in all tangible and intangible assets, of the Plant Owners. The Plant Owners’ creditors do not have recourse to Pacific Ethanol.

Senior Unsecured Notes – On January 11, 2013, under the terms of a securities purchase agreement dated December 19, 2012 among the Company and five accredited investors, the Company issued and sold to the investors in a private offering $22,192,000 in aggregate principal amount of its senior unsecured notes (“January 2013 Notes”) and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,708,700 shares of the Company’s common stock (“January 2013 Financing Transaction”) for aggregate net proceeds of $22,072,000. The warrants have an exercise price of $6.32 per share and expire in January 2018. The January 2013 Notes had an original maturity date of March 30, 2016 and bore interest at a rate of 5% per annum, subject to adjustment. Payments due under the January 2013 Notes ranked senior to all other indebtedness of the Company and its subsidiaries, other than certain permitted senior indebtedness.

Upon closing of the January 2013 Financing Transaction, the Company recorded a debt discount of $2,657,000 associated with the value of the warrants issued in connection with the financing. The debt discount will be amortized over the life of the January 2013 Notes to approximate a yield adjustment.

If at any time the Company were to receive net cash proceeds from an issuance of equity or equity-linked securities of the Company, interest received from any purchased and outstanding Plant Owners’ term debt, certain sales of assets or as a result of incurring certain indebtedness, then the Company would be obligated to prepay the January 2013 Notes using 100% of all such net cash proceeds, provided that any net proceeds received in connection with an equity-linked issuance must be used to either prepay the January 2013 Notes or purchase certain outstanding debt issued by the Plant Owners.

During 2014, the Company made principal cash payments on the January 2013 Notes in the aggregate amount of $13,984,000, fully retiring the debt prior to maturity. During 2013, the Company made principal cash payments on the January 2013 Notes in the aggregate amount of $6,208,000 and the Company issued 500,000 shares of its common stock as a $2,000,000 principal payment, resulting in a loss of $229,000 on extinguishment of debt.

Subordinated Convertible Notes – On March 28, 2013, the Company issued $6,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of its Series A Subordinated Convertible Notes (“Series A Notes”), and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,839,600 shares of common stock for aggregate gross proceeds of $6,000,000. On June 21, 2013, the Company issued $8,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of its Series B Subordinated Convertible Notes (“Series B Notes”) for aggregate gross proceeds of $8,000,000. The warrants had an exercise price of $7.59 per share. Of the warrants issued in the transaction, warrants to purchase 788,400 shares of common stock expired in March 2015 and warrants to purchase 1,051,200 shares of common stock expired in June 2015. The net proceeds of these offerings of $12,560,000 were used to (i) purchase $6,665,000 of the Plant Owners’ debt maturing in June 2013, the maturity of which was also extended at the time from June 2013 to June 2016, and of which the Company immediately retired $1,122,000; (ii) acquire an additional 5% ownership interest in PE Op Co.; and (iii) purchase and immediately retire an additional $3,500,000 of the Plant Owners’ term debt.

Unless converted or redeemed earlier, the Series A and B Notes were to mature on March 28, 2014. The Series A and B Notes bore interest at 5% per annum, compounded monthly. All amounts due under the Series A and B Notes were convertible at any time, in whole or in part, at the option of the holders into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price (“Fixed Conversion Price”), which was subject to adjustment as described below.

The Series A and B Notes were initially convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the initial Fixed Conversion Price of $15.00 per share. If the Company sold or issued any securities with “floating” conversion prices based on the market price of its common stock, the holder of a Series A or B Note would have the right thereafter to substitute the “floating” conversion price for the Fixed Conversion Price upon conversion of all or part of the Series A or B Note.

The Company determined that the conversion feature of the Series A and B Notes and the related warrants require bifurcation and liability classification and measurement, at fair value, and require evaluation at each reporting period. The initial fair values of the conversion feature of the Series A Notes of $1,400,800 and the warrants of $882,500 were accounted for as a debt discount and were amortized into interest expense as a yield adjustment over the term of the Series A Notes. The initial fair values of the conversion feature of the Series B Notes of $2,928,500 and the warrants of $689,300 were accounted for as a debt discount and were amortized into interest expense as a yield adjustment over the term of the Series B Notes.

In 2013, the Company made installment payments and processed a number of conversions. In the aggregate, the Company issued 4,446,000 shares of its common stock in payment of principal and interest in an aggregate amount of the $14,000,000 in respect of the Series A and B Notes. In connection with these installment payments and conversions, the Company recorded losses on extinguishments of debt of $4,621,000 for the year ended December 31, 2013.

As of December 31, 2013, the Series A and B Notes had been fully retired.

Note Payable to Related Party – The Company had a note payable to its Chief Executive Officer totaling $750,000 as of December 31, 2013. Interest on the unpaid principal amount accrues at a rate of 8.00% per annum. The Company recorded interest expense for this note of approximately $14,795 for the year ended December 31, 2014 and $60,000 for each of the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. On March 31, 2014, the Company paid in cash the outstanding balance of the note payable.

Interest Expense on Borrowings and Maturities – Interest expense on all borrowings discussed above was $6,546,000, $12,680,000 and $12,314,000 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The consolidated long-term debt of $34,533,000, is due in 2016.